Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE)

What are Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE)?

CRE are bacteria that are resistant to most antibiotics.  Enterobacteriaceae is a family of
bacteria.  Many of these bacteria live in our environment (in soil or water). Some of them can
get into our bodies and make us sick.  Members of the Enterobacteriaceae family of bacteria
can cause pneumonia, kidney and bladder infections, and bloodstream infections.   Most of the
Enterobacteriaceae can be treated with antibiotics.  However, because antibiotics have been
overused, many of the Enterobacteriaceae have become resistant to most of the available
antibiotics. The carbapenem antibiotics were developed to treat bacteria that had become
resistant to most other antibiotics.  About 10 years ago, we began to see bacteria from the
Enterobacteriaceae family that had become resistant to the carbapenem antibiotics.  These are
called Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae or CRE.

Are CRE dangerous?

They can be, because they are found in hospitals, and can cause infection in people who are
very sick.  Patients in intensive care units are at greatest risk, especially if they are on
ventilators and have central intravenous catheters in place.

Are CRE treatable?

Yes, usually.  However, because we have few antibiotics available to treat CRE, they can be
difficult to treat.  Patients can die from infections with CRE.


How can CRE be transmitted to other patients?

CRE can be transferred from the patient to the environment and to the hands of the care
provider (doctor or nurse or other person) when the care provider touches the patient or touches the patient with medical equipment, then touches another patient.

How can I prevent CRE in myself or a family member?

As far as we know now, the greatest risk for acquiring a CRE is in a hospital, especially in an
ICU.  If you or a family member are hospitalized, you should follow instructions for hand
washing and other infection control measures as requested. You should also expect your nurse
and other care providers to wash their hands and wear gloves and gown if necessary.  If you
have questions, talk with your physician or nurse.

http://www.vdh.virginia.gov/Epidemiology/factsheets/Carbapenem-Resistant_Enterobacteriaceae.htm